巫小丹1 刘伟1 阮榕生1’2’3 王允圃1 万益琴1’3
张锦胜1'2 彭红1 郑洪立1 刘玉环1‘2’3胡蓓娟1
(1．南昌大学生物质转化教育部工程研究中心，江西南昌330047；2．南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室，江西南昌330047；3．南昌昌明环能科技有限公司，江西南昌330047)

摘要：比较了不同预处理方法对养猪沼液的灭虫效果和后期微藻养殖的影响，拟优选出较佳的预处理办法。结果表明，养猪沼液在开放环境中放置一定时间后，易出现原生动物、微型后生动物和其他无脊椎动物，而对微藻生长影响较为严重的主要是原生动物和微型后生动物；用40 mg／L的漂白粉处理可以基本杀灭养猪沼液中的食藻害虫，处理后的养猪沼液只需放置4 d后就可以接种、培养微藻；这种预处理方法成本相对较低，每吨养猪沼液的处理成本仅约为0．050 0元；这种预处理方法操作简单，而且对养猪沼液中的营养元素破坏较少，为利用养猪沼液实现规模化微藻养殖解决了一个棘手的问题。
    关键词：养猪沼液、微藻食藻、害虫、预处理、漂白粉

Abstract： It is of great significance for controlling algae-eating pests in the process of microalgae cultivation．In this paper，different pretreatment methods were performed before microalgae cultivation in swine biogas slurry，the insecticidal effect of different pretreatment methods as well as their influence on microalgae cultivation was thoroughly compared SO as to select the best pretreatment method．Results showed that protozoa，metazoan and other invertebrates appeared after biogas slurry placed in open environment for a certain period，protozoa and metazoan had a great influence on the growth of microalgae．After applying 40 mg／L of bleaching powder，algae-eating pests in swine biogas slurry were basically killed，and inoculated of microalgae could performed after only 4 days．The cost of bleaching powder method was relatively low，the per ton pretreatment cost of only about 0．050 0 yuan．This method was easy tO operate，and nutrient in swine biogas slurry was little damaged．This paper had important guiding significance for achieving the large-scale culture of microalgae in swine biogas slurry．
    Keywords： swine biogas slurry；microalgae；algae-eating pests；pretreatment；bleaching powder

养猪沼液成分复杂，N、P含量高，并含有丰富的有机物。在开放自然环境中，养猪沼液非常有利于一些细菌、杂藻等微生物的生长繁殖，而这些微生物的出现又促进了其掠食者原生动物(如钟虫)、微型后生动物(如轮虫、线虫)，甚至各种无脊椎动物幼虫(如孑孓)等的出现，从而构成了非常复杂的食物链。在资源化利用养猪沼液的过程中，如果直接将微藻接种到养猪沼液中，就增加了食藻害虫的食源，同时微藻的快速繁殖也会促进养猪沼液中溶氧量的提高，刺激捕食者数量猛增，使得微藻被吞食而抑制生长，甚至全部消失。

不同预处理方法对沼液养殖微藻的影响